Articles

The article argues that in conditions of global instability, a national understanding of world realities and the further formation of the Russian international theory (RIT) is not a luxury, but a necessity for the survival and development of the country. At the same time, a special role belongs to applied research, combining the rigor of empirical research and close relation to the ideology of national interests and values. According to the authors, such a combination, defining the boundaries of the national-ideological and general scientific, can protect the RIT from both scientific utopias and ideological isolationism.
In the first section, the authors present their understanding of the ideological and value assumptions about “Russian,” from which one should proceed in the formation of scientific knowledge within the framework of RIT. The second section is devoted to Russian research questions of a contextual and external nature and their specification based on the material of modern world processes. The third section examines the specifics of answering empirical questions by selecting special theories and formulating hypotheses to test them. The conclusion stresses the importance of RIT and the development of applied knowledge for the practical policy of modern Russia.

The article follows the history of the studies of the concept of ‘Russian Khranitel’stvo’ held at Moscow State University, representing it as an original trend of conservative thought in Russia. Definition is proposed for the notion ‘Khranitel’stvo’, and specific way of the genesis of ‘Russian Khranitel’stvo’ in the 11th–18th centuries is demonstrated. The supposition is made that ‘khranitel’stvo’ is broader than political conservatism, since it includes the idea of patriotism, protection of traditional spiritual values, and national historical experience, national culture, language, faith, and ‘Russian Khranitel’stvo’ is a patriotic, nationally conservative, close to traditionalism current of Russian socio-political thought. It is shown that in the 11th–17th centuries, the interests of the state and Orthodoxy, the protection of the Land and the Church, in other words, the political and religious notions were inextricably linked, and the main quality of the ruler was piety. In the 18th century, not only the piety of the sovereign was put at the forefront, but also the welfare of the whole society and the greatness of the state. They become the objects of “protection”.

In the article, the authors analyze the dynamics of the formation of the image of a political leader in media publications in Russian language for 2013–2024. The key approaches to the study of the image of a leader were considered, and possible forms of representation of a leader in the media were described. The analysis of the use of the concepts of ‘statehood’, ‘globalism’, ‘charisma’, ‘morality’, ‘authoritarianism’ in the media in forming the image of a leader allows us to develop a psychosemantic typology of political leader images based on positive or negative connotations in the description of these characteristics. To form the image of the leader, the media most often used the concept of ‘statehood’, then the concept of ‘authoritarianism’, followed by the first with a significant lag. Other characteristics are much less common. The peak use of most of these characteristics in forming the image of the leader occurs in 2017–2019, an increase in the frequency of using the word ‘statehood’ has been recorded since 2015. An increase in interest in charisma and globalism is also
observed in 2020–2021. The listed characteristics are often instrumentalized by the media, as a result of which morality turns into an image resource for the leader, and charisma turns into a tool that gives advantages to a populist political leader in the competitive struggle.

This article examines the problems of the formation of the information field of Russian elites. For the media, the topic of elites is not a key one, which is actively raised in the press, but interest in it has been growing modestly over the past 20 years. The author not only analyzed the dynamics of the growth of publications in the media, but also conducted a content analysis of publications, comparing publications in the press with scientific articles of this period. In this case, a comparison was made of the meanings reflected in mass media publications and the meanings that are considered in scientific papers, mainly dissertations for the same period. A comparative analysis revealed that the attitude towards the term ‘elite’ among the general public does not arouse sympathy, they are not proud of the successes of the elites, since there is an opinion that the elites work only for themselves and their inner circle. But the situation is changing due to the advance of Russian troops and the change in the vector to the fact that the circle of elites has now expanded.

The subject of the article is the migration policy of the Russian Federation and the reasons for its ineffectiveness, which give rise to existential threats to the state and society in the context of Western sanctions and a Special Military Operation. The purpose of the study is to construct a current model of the migration policy in the Russian Federation, that can become an effective tool for implementing national development goals, ensuring state and public security, achieving sustainable economic and social development of Russia based on traditional Russian spiritual and moral values and principles of patriotism, the priority of man, social justice and equality of opportunity.
The ineffectiveness of the migration policy is manifested in various forms of destructive behavior of migrants, the growth of ethnic crime, which form an attitude among native residents towards a negative perception of migrants, giving rise to manifestations of mutual hostility. In the context of the growing confrontation with the West, the Russian Federation should implement a nationally-oriented migration policy aimed, on the one hand, at strengthening Russian identity, ensuring the sovereignty and security of the state, society and the individual, and on the other hand, at achieving national goals of economic and social development of Russia through the legal and targeted attraction of skilled labor migrants. The article formulates proposals for the transformation of the migration policy of the Russian Federation.