Articles

This article analyzes the role of the infl uence of information media in political confl icts. The author emphasizes that the infl uence of the media and “new media” on these confl icts is signifi cant: any political confl ict, regardless of its scale or the composition of its participant group, is inscribed in a specifi c information context. The struggle for power of the parties to the confl ict is always accompanied by an information war, the conduct of which is impossible without the intermediary and transfer functions of the mass media. The author concludes that in contemporary confl icts, the mass media and “new media” act simultaneously as a special subject: an instrument and a channel for confl ict interaction.

The unblocking of the India-U.S. nuclear deal following President Barack Obama’s offi cial visit to New Delhi in January 2015 paved the way for bringing to fruition earlier nuclear agreements and helped to overcome a temporary cool-down in bilateral relations. This article discusses the pace of India-U.S. nuclear talks and the negotiation positions of all the parties concerned. The author analyzes the prospects of American private companies Westinghouse and General Electric-Hitachi of entering India’s nuclear market and evaluates potential avenues India might opt for in expanding nuclear cooperation with U.S. allies (Australia, Canada, the Republic of Korea and the United Kingdom) and other states (Argentina, China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Namibia, Uzbekistan, Vietnam and Sri Lanka) in the fi eld of uranium fuel and nuclear power equipment purchases.

This article focuses on the strategy of Indian “soft power” in the South Asian subregion as a key component of the modern geopolitics of New Delhi. The author addressed the understanding of “soft power” from the “rising powers” of Asia, then examines Indian-Chinese relations in the fi eld of “soft power” through the concept of “Chindia.” This neologism signifi es not only the competition between the two powers, but also the development of adjacent zones of Indian and Chinese civilizations, where as a result of intercultural dialogue and exchange there are peculiar geocultural hybrid spaces equally susceptible both to Indian and Chinese infl uence. The author concludes that although India’s “soft power” expansion was a response to China’s successful attempts to involve the countries of South Asia in its orbit of infl uence, India has now begun to apply the updated models of “soft power” on a systematic basis.

This article examines civil society in the context of the world’s global governance. Civil society actors — independent of national governments and having their own supranational associations — can open up new opportunities for the creation of a new model of global governance. The article considers a model of civil society relations with governance structures in integrated associations, on the example of the European Union. The possibility of European civil society providing an alternative form of legitimacy to the European Union’s management structures is also analyzed. The author concludes that the search for solutions to the global problems of mankind makes it necessary to improve existing governance methods and seek new solutions on a planetary scale with the active participation of civil society.

This article is devoted to the peculiarities of the contemporary geopolitical structure of the world and to the contradictions of global governance under the crisis conditions of the existing world order and the transition from centralized to decentralized globalism. Decentralized globalism creates the basis for a new system of international relations that is very different from the former global order of “center-periphery,” in which the superpowers were recognized as global leaders. Currently, we are observing the segmentation of the global space among several competing integration systems, with the great powers and regional powers included in their composition. Since under present conditions the ideas of global multilevel governance and strong supranational structures are becoming less realizable, integrated systems will become the new global centers in a system of integrationconfrontation polycentricity.

The theory of international relations demonstrates the unattainability of absolute security for participants in European and world politics. The juxtaposition of “correct” and “incorrect” approaches to security does not take into account that the very notion of “security” comprises both objective content and subjective meaning. A universal formula for the ultimate solution to the problems in this fi eld does not exist. Insisting on the superiority of “European values” actually renders plans for a common European security community that protects both the EU and Russia from destabilization futile. International security is a continuous process requiring constant dialogue, effort, compliance with treaties and confi dence-building measures.

A round table devoted to the theme of the viability of states and national interests was recently staged by the Political Science Department of Lomonosov Moscow State University under the auspices of its Program on Comparative Politics and Program on International Relations and Integration Processes. The topic was considered in the context of globalization and international relations. A paper presented by Prof. P. A. Tsygankov discussed the problems of conceptualization of the theoretical contributions to the development of foreign policy and diplomacy of states when the explanatory possibilities of the basic paradigms — realistic and liberal-constructivist — have been exhausted. Prof. V. M. Kapitsyn identified the emergence of the genetic viability of states, developed by the Peace of Westphalia and manifested in various modifications of the world order. Prof. A. I. Kostin analyzed the global trends in the development of the modern world and the capacity of states to counter the negative effects of globalization. Several presentations focused on the problem of the measurement (estimation) of different aspects of the viability of states — information security (T. N. Parshina), ethnopolitical security (E. N. Tyurenkova), activity of the state in the international arena (K. M. Dorokhina), public diplomacy (O. V. Stoletov), international sports activities (P. O. Gruzdeva), and the significance of event-analysis in assessing the viability of states (I. I. Dashkina). Other issues addressed by round table participants included the Mali example of peaceful means for securing independence (U. Diallo), the interaction of Kazakhstan and Belarus in the framework of the EAEU (D. A. Papba), and the institutionalization of migration policy in the border areas of Russia and China (Yuan Xun).

In the first part of this article the authors consider the foundations of the English mentality, which was formed over the centuries on the basis of natural genetic resources, cultural and historical potential and the dogmas of insular Protestantism. The unyielding dogmatism of the British mentality is messianically, uniformly and totally realized in global politics. The unique political competitiveness of Britain is a testament to the consistency, persistence, pragmatic ethics and cruelty of the British government irrespective of changes among the figures at its head. Britain maintains its long-term political influence through the successive development of elites, the system of Protestant values, project-oriented thinking, reflexive management, pragmatic flexibility, a particular system of law, financial strategies, intelligence-gathering, the globalization of the English language and humanitarian technologies. The authors note that the policy of achievement on a global scale is the ultimate expression of national subjectness. In the context of its continuous national history, Britain has been a systemic political super-subject for centuries.

Defi ning social conflict as the highest stage of development of contradictions in relations between people, groups, etc., it is possible to demonstrate both its negative and potentially positive effect. A democratic regime is characterized by the specific nature of the organization of its social relations. A set of rights and civil liberties inherent in democratic states in fact makes it possible both to broaden the spectrum of conflict situations and abet the growth of contradictions. With the development of democratic mechanisms and the emergence of an increasing number of civil institutions, the involvement of society in political processes increases in proportion to the growth of conflict in these societies — making it possible to speak of a certain interdependence among these phenomena. The most pressing issue is the identification of a format for the regulation of social conflict under which a democratic state can receive the greatest positive effect from the events taking place within it.

This article investigates the shaping of popular sovereignty (“narodovlastie”) in Russia of the 15–17th centuries. The author presents popular sovereignty as one of the historical political traditions of Russia that ran parallel with autocracy (“samoderzhavie”). The formation of popular sovereignty is explained by a complex of historical and archival data, providing a sense of the interaction of two levels of Russian governance: centralized princely and tsarist power and institutions at the local levels (the veche and zemstvo assemblies). The interaction of two of these levels, the article demonstrates, led to the genesis of Russian statehood. On the one hand, political autonomy and institutions of multilevel representation based on traditional veche structures were developing; on the other hand, a trend toward centralization and the strengthening of statehood had also been emerging since the end of the 15th century — a trend determined by the policy of Muscovite sovereigns (“the gathering of the lands”). The author demonstrates that traditions of autocratic governance and local-estates representation mutually supplemented each other for a long period. The internal political system was thus shaped under the influence of two ideas: a strong monarchy (autocracy) and popular sovereignty (zemstvo self-government). In search of socio-political support within veche (zemstvo) traditions, Muscovite rulers actively co-operated with local zemstvo self-government, especially when this co-operation served the policy of “the gathering of the lands.”