Articles

In the article, the authors analyze the dynamics of the formation of the image of a political leader in media publications in Russian language for 2013–2024. The key approaches to the study of the image of a leader were considered, and possible forms of representation of a leader in the media were described. The analysis of the use of the concepts of ‘statehood’, ‘globalism’, ‘charisma’, ‘morality’, ‘authoritarianism’ in the media in forming the image of a leader allows us to develop a psychosemantic typology of political leader images based on positive or negative connotations in the description of these characteristics. To form the image of the leader, the media most often used the concept of ‘statehood’, then the concept of ‘authoritarianism’, followed by the first with a significant lag. Other characteristics are much less common. The peak use of most of these characteristics in forming the image of the leader occurs in 2017–2019, an increase in the frequency of using the word ‘statehood’ has been recorded since 2015. An increase in interest in charisma and globalism is also
observed in 2020–2021. The listed characteristics are often instrumentalized by the media, as a result of which morality turns into an image resource for the leader, and charisma turns into a tool that gives advantages to a populist political leader in the competitive struggle.

This article examines the problems of the formation of the information field of Russian elites. For the media, the topic of elites is not a key one, which is actively raised in the press, but interest in it has been growing modestly over the past 20 years. The author not only analyzed the dynamics of the growth of publications in the media, but also conducted a content analysis of publications, comparing publications in the press with scientific articles of this period. In this case, a comparison was made of the meanings reflected in mass media publications and the meanings that are considered in scientific papers, mainly dissertations for the same period. A comparative analysis revealed that the attitude towards the term ‘elite’ among the general public does not arouse sympathy, they are not proud of the successes of the elites, since there is an opinion that the elites work only for themselves and their inner circle. But the situation is changing due to the advance of Russian troops and the change in the vector to the fact that the circle of elites has now expanded.

The subject of the article is the migration policy of the Russian Federation and the reasons for its ineffectiveness, which give rise to existential threats to the state and society in the context of Western sanctions and a Special Military Operation. The purpose of the study is to construct a current model of the migration policy in the Russian Federation, that can become an effective tool for implementing national development goals, ensuring state and public security, achieving sustainable economic and social development of Russia based on traditional Russian spiritual and moral values and principles of patriotism, the priority of man, social justice and equality of opportunity.
The ineffectiveness of the migration policy is manifested in various forms of destructive behavior of migrants, the growth of ethnic crime, which form an attitude among native residents towards a negative perception of migrants, giving rise to manifestations of mutual hostility. In the context of the growing confrontation with the West, the Russian Federation should implement a nationally-oriented migration policy aimed, on the one hand, at strengthening Russian identity, ensuring the sovereignty and security of the state, society and the individual, and on the other hand, at achieving national goals of economic and social development of Russia through the legal and targeted attraction of skilled labor migrants. The article formulates proposals for the transformation of the migration policy of the Russian Federation.

Th e formation of the global world order in the short- and medium- term perspective is developing by several ways: through the formation of systemic alliances formed on a multilateral contractual basis (for example, the EU, NATO, BRICS), membership in which may imply the concession of a part of state sovereignty, and through the formation of informal “spontaneous” (situational) alliances. Current trends in international relations show that the systemic way is less effective. In unions of this kind, contradictions between individual members impede the functioning of the entire structure, depriving it of the possibility of coordinated joint activities. Spontaneous alliances are more resistant to crisis phenomena for their members, since the relations of individual participants do not immobilize the entire system. In this regard, the informal interaction of the United States and India, on the one hand, Russia, China and Iran, on the other, looks like the basis of the future world order, despite the fact that India is a member of the BRICS union. The role of global supranational regulators, including the UN, tends to weaken.
Until some of the players of global importance have military technologies that qualitatively exceed the current level of arms development, that is, the reducing advantages of nuclear weapons to zero, the importance of logistical factors will determine the formation of the contours of the new world order. Those actors of the competing parties who will be able to be the first to use the most of West Africa’s geo-economic advantages, will form contours of the global world order.

The article examines the processes of development of modern socio-political organization, discusses the impact of global and digital trends in the development of Russian society on political dynamics and the transformation of institutional structures. It is proved that the system of existing and latent civilizational risks aggravated during the Special Military Operation and the sanctions policy of unfriendly countries necessitate the improvement of political and legal forms of ensuring national and cultural integrity, as well as the state-legal mechanism for the implementation of civilizational priorities and development goals of Russian society. The author considers integrity as a qualitative state of a social system in the unity of its spatial and temporal evolution, taking into account the physical, symbolic, digital and socio-cultural specifics of development. At the end of the work, it is substantiated that both the socio-political integration of the liberated territories and ensuring the political integrity of Russian society in the context of unprecedented geopolitical pressure and civilizational risks should be systemic in nature and provide for a multi-level mechanism for adapting these processes to the changing geopolitical and domestic political situation.

The article is devoted to the problem of conceptualizing the socionatural universum in connection with the study of sovereign statehood. The study is based on the current interpretation of the systemic and organic approach (organicism) to the nature of sociohistorical organism as one of the promising scientific and methodological field of interdisciplinary knowledge of the patterns of genesis, functioning and evolution of sociors.
The work shows that the developed form (stage) of the socionatural universum is characterized by societal metabolism, which is based on the universal metabolism of nature, implementing and maintaining its ecological balance, contributing to the relatively stable reproduction of the biophysical and social world of the planet. The societal metabolism includes biophysical, social and economic components, socionatural metabolic processes are divided into two classes: endosomatic and exosomatic. It is shown that within the socionatural universum, society, economy and the environment are permeated and interconnected by metabolic flows.
In conclusion, the structure of the societal metabolic system of the Russian Federation is presented in a generalized form. The analysis of this system allows us to assess the level of security and self-sufficiency in key areas of life that ensure the sovereign existence and development of society and the state.

The main purpose of this article is to examine the public policy for the development of AI technologies in the European Union, which emerged during the public debate around the Artificial Intelligence Act, which began in 2021. The study uses a case study methodological approach in combination with political analysis methods to identify pressure groups and predict outcomes. Of particular importance in this case is the status of the European Union as a supranational entity that implements policies in an area traditionally dominated by transnational IT companies. An additional complexity is presented by the different starting conditions in which the EU member countries find themselves in terms of the level of digitalization. An undoubted discovery of EU policy in this area is the risk ranking approach, according to which a set of prohibitive and permissive measures is built. Another strength of this policy is its attempt to reconcile the diverse interests of all parties involved in the process of digitalization. 

The article discusses digital technologies of external destructive information and psychological influence on the constituent entities of the Russian Federation bordering Ukraine: Belgorod, Bryansk, Zaporozhye, Kursk and Kherson regions, Donetsk People’s Republic, and Lugansk People’s Republic. The authors used cognitive mapping to study an array of publications of relevant content in relevant Telegram channels. As a result, key digital ways of achieving external destructive information and psychological influence have been identified, which are technological methods of information propaganda and manipulation of public consciousness. Propaganda most often uses the techniques of demonization and stigmatization, and manipulation uses negativization, primitivization, tendentious selection of information and parasitism. At the same time, most often in information materials of a deconsolidating nature, which provoke ethnic and socio-economic splits, the manipulative technique of primitivization is used.

The article presents the results of an applied political research of the information flow of external pressure aimed at the formation of protest attitudes among Russian social media users. Currently, the activities of external actors in the network dimension are focused not so much on the launch of established scenarios of colour revolutions, but rather on the implementation of new hybrid schemes based on prolonged manipulative influence, implementation of a chain of special information and psychological operations, dissemination of fakes, incitement of social and ethnic discord, gradual soft deconsolidation and disorganisation of the state and society. The scientific problem is dictated by the types of contradictions that the basic provisions of the network and cognitive approaches are aimed at analysing and explaining. The research methodology is based on the general principles of social media predictive analytics and includes the use of cognitive mapping of digital content and automated social media analysis. Based on the results of the study, the authors draw conclusions about the basic characteristics of the information flow under study, describe the role of external network actors in the formation of protest attitudes of Russian social media users, and substantiate the political risks of the implementation of such activities.

The article examines the phenomenon of the rapid formation of artificial intelligence (AI) as an object and means of state policy in Russia and other countries. The information basis for the study of this phenomenon is abundant and contradictory. Every day, there is a lot of fragmentary information in various domestic and foreign media about private facts and statements by leaders of different countries about the role of AI in their politics and correctly. In this regard, the main attention was paid to several dozen official documents, which made it possible to compile generalized ideas about the essence and features of considering AI as a subject and means of public policy in Russia and abroad. To study such documents, methods of systematic diagnostics of socio-political and socio-economic processes and phenomena developed and tested at the Federal Research Center “Informatics and Management” of the Russian Academy of Sciences were used. It was shown that at present, government strategies and programs for the development of AI have been adopted and are being implemented in the world, reflecting various state interests in this subject. It is also shown that in many cases, states claim to be world leaders in the development and use of AI. Attention is drawn to attempts to use AI for public administration purposes as a means of total control over public behavior and loyalty of citizens. The assumptions about the long-term continuation of this policy are substantiated.