Articles

The article is devoted to the process of transformation of energy markets that took place in the period from 2022 to 2023. The author analyzes the relationship between the sanctions imposed against Russia at that time and the direction of changes in energy markets. The article examines the result of US and European Union sanctions against the Russian oil and gas sector for both the domestic economy and the Western countries themselves. The author concludes that in the oil sector, Russia has adapted to the restrictions by changing sales markets and providing itself with a fleet of tankers. In the gas sector, it was not possible to make a full-fledged reorientation due to technological limitations.

The possibility of a new global socio-cultural integration in a situation of dominance of deglobalization processes is substantiated. Deglobalization is considered as a natural consequence of Western globalism based on the technogenic-consumer civilizational model of development. The features of deglobalization in the economic, political, social and cultural spheres are fixed. The idea of the need to search for new forms of uniting the world community on other ideological grounds and principles is defended. Such foundations and principles are found in the basic categories of Russian culture: peace, sobornost, brotherhood, non-possessiveness. Using the example of Siberia, the historical practice of cooperation between peoples is analyzed, where the indicated principles have already been partially implemented. The authors summarize the experience of regional cross–border cooperation within the framework of the activities of the International Coordinating Council “Our Common Home - Altai”, which unites state and public structures of the border regions of Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and China. This experience is considered as a possible guideline for the future of a new unification of mankind.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the latest trends in the indirect political influence of external actors — China, Turkey, UK, the USA and the European Union — in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) member-states through humanitarian and economic projects. The special features of the approaches of the leading actors are brought to light, including emphasis on military-ideological expansion (Western countries), trade and economic advancement (China) and cultural-ideological penetration (Turkey). It is concluded that there was no fundamental revision of indirect influence strategies after the start of Russia’s Special Military Operation, but significant adjustments in methods took place. Non-Western countries are still trying to work in the region mainly in the framework of globalization, i.e. multivector relatively peaceful coexistence and competition.

The article attempts to improve the theoretical basis of the concept of the ‘Greater Eurasian Partnership’ (GEP) — a flagship continental-scale integration initiative. An analysis of the GEP through the lens of current theories of international political and economic relations shows, among other things, that this project is a key element in the process of forming a balanced and more just (for non-Western states) multi-polar globalization, limiting the dominance of any civilization, group of countries, or political culture. To describe modern integration processes in Greaterer Eurasia, the concept of ‘new transregionalism’ is proposed. It can be seen as a phenomenon driven by the rapid geopolitical and economic restructuring of the world, and simultaneously as a theoretical concept optimal for building and successfully developing the GEP. Such an approach reveals both traditional and completely new aspects of the interdependence of segments of the modern world in the face of unprecedented transformation of the world order. Concrete cooperation projects in specific areas (NTI, climate, eco-economics) are briefly considered, the algorithm and integration matrix of which can be scaled to other promising areas of cooperation. At the same time, the chances of effective integration of Greater Eurasia can be increased by implementing a convergent socio-economic model, which implies an optimal combination of market and state-regulated elements. The work contributes to the process of more in-depth elaboration of geopolitical and project scenarios of integration, including the construction of a unique transregional regime for the GEP.

In the article, the authors analyze the dynamics of the formation of the image of a political leader in media publications in Russian language for 2013–2024. The key approaches to the study of the image of a leader were considered, and possible forms of representation of a leader in the media were described. The analysis of the use of the concepts of ‘statehood’, ‘globalism’, ‘charisma’, ‘morality’, ‘authoritarianism’ in the media in forming the image of a leader allows us to develop a psychosemantic typology of political leader images based on positive or negative connotations in the description of these characteristics. To form the image of the leader, the media most often used the concept of ‘statehood’, then the concept of ‘authoritarianism’, followed by the first with a significant lag. Other characteristics are much less common. The peak use of most of these characteristics in forming the image of the leader occurs in 2017–2019, an increase in the frequency of using the word ‘statehood’ has been recorded since 2015. An increase in interest in charisma and globalism is also
observed in 2020–2021. The listed characteristics are often instrumentalized by the media, as a result of which morality turns into an image resource for the leader, and charisma turns into a tool that gives advantages to a populist political leader in the competitive struggle.

This article examines the problems of the formation of the information field of Russian elites. For the media, the topic of elites is not a key one, which is actively raised in the press, but interest in it has been growing modestly over the past 20 years. The author not only analyzed the dynamics of the growth of publications in the media, but also conducted a content analysis of publications, comparing publications in the press with scientific articles of this period. In this case, a comparison was made of the meanings reflected in mass media publications and the meanings that are considered in scientific papers, mainly dissertations for the same period. A comparative analysis revealed that the attitude towards the term ‘elite’ among the general public does not arouse sympathy, they are not proud of the successes of the elites, since there is an opinion that the elites work only for themselves and their inner circle. But the situation is changing due to the advance of Russian troops and the change in the vector to the fact that the circle of elites has now expanded.

The subject of the article is the migration policy of the Russian Federation and the reasons for its ineffectiveness, which give rise to existential threats to the state and society in the context of Western sanctions and a Special Military Operation. The purpose of the study is to construct a current model of the migration policy in the Russian Federation, that can become an effective tool for implementing national development goals, ensuring state and public security, achieving sustainable economic and social development of Russia based on traditional Russian spiritual and moral values and principles of patriotism, the priority of man, social justice and equality of opportunity.
The ineffectiveness of the migration policy is manifested in various forms of destructive behavior of migrants, the growth of ethnic crime, which form an attitude among native residents towards a negative perception of migrants, giving rise to manifestations of mutual hostility. In the context of the growing confrontation with the West, the Russian Federation should implement a nationally-oriented migration policy aimed, on the one hand, at strengthening Russian identity, ensuring the sovereignty and security of the state, society and the individual, and on the other hand, at achieving national goals of economic and social development of Russia through the legal and targeted attraction of skilled labor migrants. The article formulates proposals for the transformation of the migration policy of the Russian Federation.

The formation of a global world order in the short and medium term proceeds in several ways: through the creation of systemic alliances organized on a multilateral contractual basis (for example, the European Union, NATO), membership in which may imply the cession of a share of state sovereignty, and through the creation of informal "spontaneous" (situational) alliances. Current trends in international relations show that the systemic path is less effective. In unions of this kind, contradictions between individual members make it difficult for the entire structure to function, making it impossible for it to carry out coordinated joint activities. Spontaneous unions are more stable in times of crisis, as the dynamics of individual members' relationships do not immobilize the entire union. In this regard, informal cooperation between the United States and India, on the one hand, and Russia, China, and Iran, on the other, looks like the foundation of the future. The role of global supranational regulators, including the UN, tends to weaken.
Until any of the global players have military technologies at their disposal that qualitatively surpass the current level of weapons development, i.e., reducing the advantages of nuclear weapons to zero, the importance of logistical factors will be decisive for shaping the contours of a new world order. Depending on which of the competing models will be able to make the most of the geo-economic advantages of West Africa, the contours of the global world order will take one shape or another.

The article examines the processes of development of modern socio-political organization, discusses the impact of global and digital trends in the development of Russian society on political dynamics and the transformation of institutional structures. It is proved that the system of existing and latent civilizational risks aggravated during the Special Military Operation and the sanctions policy of unfriendly countries necessitate the improvement of political and legal forms of ensuring national and cultural integrity, as well as the state-legal mechanism for the implementation of civilizational priorities and development goals of Russian society. The author considers integrity as a qualitative state of a social system in the unity of its spatial and temporal evolution, taking into account the physical, symbolic, digital and socio-cultural specifics of development. At the end of the work, it is substantiated that both the socio-political integration of the liberated territories and ensuring the political integrity of Russian society in the context of unprecedented geopolitical pressure and civilizational risks should be systemic in nature and provide for a multi-level mechanism for adapting these processes to the changing geopolitical and domestic political situation.

The article is devoted to the problem of conceptualizing the socionatural universum in connection with the study of sovereign statehood. The study is based on the current interpretation of the systemic and organic approach (organicism) to the nature of sociohistorical organism as one of the promising scientific and methodological field of interdisciplinary knowledge of the patterns of genesis, functioning and evolution of sociors.
The work shows that the developed form (stage) of the socionatural universum is characterized by societal metabolism, which is based on the universal metabolism of nature, implementing and maintaining its ecological balance, contributing to the relatively stable reproduction of the biophysical and social world of the planet. The societal metabolism includes biophysical, social and economic components, socionatural metabolic processes are divided into two classes: endosomatic and exosomatic. It is shown that within the socionatural universum, society, economy and the environment are permeated and interconnected by metabolic flows.
In conclusion, the structure of the societal metabolic system of the Russian Federation is presented in a generalized form. The analysis of this system allows us to assess the level of security and self-sufficiency in key areas of life that ensure the sovereign existence and development of society and the state.