The article discusses the theory and practice of applying the institute of publicprivate partnership (PPP) as the basis for the interaction of state bodies and business structures. The activation of the problem of interaction between the state and business allows us to find optimal and effective ways to solve emerging problems. The partnership makes it possible to transfer part of the powers to business. Thereby reducing budget expenditures and optimizing the work of the authorities. An effective dialogue between the public and private sectors can solve acute social problems, increase the pace of infrastructure development in the public interest and accelerate economic growth. Therefore, it is important to study the experience and practice of implementing partnerships. The Russian Federation and the USA were chosen as the objects of the study. With the help of comparative analysis, the strengths and weaknesses of each interaction model were identified. The study of the scope of the PPP institute allowed us to make assumptions for expanding the area of interaction between partners. Based on the analysis of the American experience, proposals were put forward to modernize the domestic PPP institute.