Public policy for the development of artificial intelligence technologies in the European Union

Abstract

The main purpose of this article is to examine the public policy for the development of AI technologies in the European Union, which emerged during the public debate around the Artificial Intelligence Act, which began in 2021. The study uses a case study methodological approach in combination with political analysis methods to identify pressure groups and predict outcomes. Of particular importance in this case is the status of the European Union as a supranational entity that implements policies in an area traditionally dominated by transnational IT companies. An additional complexity is presented by the different starting conditions in which the EU member countries find themselves in terms of the level of digitalization. An undoubted discovery of EU policy in this area is the risk ranking approach, according to which a set of prohibitive and permissive measures is built. Another strength of this policy is its attempt to reconcile the diverse interests of all parties involved in the process of digitalization. 

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