Ethnocultural Justice in the National State

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to consider the theoretical problems of coexistence and interaction of the culture of the titular ethnic group and the cultures of ethnic minorities in the national state. To this purpose the author analyzes the phenomenon of the national state in a historical aspect, uses sociological data, and also analyzes international treaties, analyzes various points of view of scientists. It is stated that the common civil (political) culture in the national state (national culture) has a supra-ethnic character and does not express the interests of any particular ethnic group, including the titular one, at the same time it replaces ethnic cultures, calling into question their full development. A number of arguments are presented in support of the existence and domination of the national culture. It is argued that the national state inevitably protects certain concepts of the good, but this should not lead to anyone’s discrimination. The author concludes that the presence of a national morally colored policy can paradoxically be combined with liberalism, in particular, if such a policy is objectively necessary for ensuring rights and freedoms. As for ethnic cultures, the author sees the fair rules of their interaction in ensuring that each of them, through deliberative procedures, can infl uence the changing national identity.

References

1. Acton, J. “Printsip natsional’nogo samoopredeleniia,” Anderson, B., Bauer, O., Hroch, M. et al. Natsii i natsionalizm. Moscow: Praksis, 2002, pp. 26–51. 
2. Aristotle. Politika. Moscow: Eksmo, 2018. 
3. Balakrishnan, G. “Natsional’noe voobrazhenie,” Anderson, B., Bauer, O., Hroch, M. et al. Natsii i natsionalizm. Moscow: Praksis, 2002, pp. 264–282. 
4. Bauer, O. “Natsional’nyi vopros i sotsial-demokratiia,” Anderson, B., Bauer, O., Hroch, M. et al. Natsii i natsionalizm. Moscow: Praksis, 2002, pp. 52–120. 
5. Breuilly, J. “Podkhody k issledovaniiu natsionalizma,” Anderson, B., Bauer, O., Hroch, M. et al. Natsii i natsionalizm. Moscow: Praksis, 2002, pp. 201–235. 
6. Curry, O. S., Mullins, D. A., and Whitehouse, H. “Is It Good to Cooperate? Testing the Theory of Morality-as-Cooperation in 60 Societies,” Current Anthropology, No. 1, 2019, pp. 47–69. 
7. Drobizheva, L. M. “Etnichnost’ v sovremennom obshchestve. Etnopolitika i sotsial’nye praktiki v Rossiiskoi Federatsii,” Mir Rossii, No. 2, 2001, pp. 167–180. 
8. Drobizheva, L. M. “Identichnost’ i etnicheskie ustanovki russkikh v svoei i inoetnicheskoi srede,” Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, No. 12, 2010, pp. 49–58. 
9. Etzioni, A. The Third Way to a Good Society. London: Demos, 2000. 
10. Filippova, E. I. “Natsii, gosudarstva, kul’tury,” Kul’turnaia slozhnost’ sovremennykh natsii, ed. V.A. Tishkov, E.I. Filippova. M.: Politicheskaia entsiklopediia, 2016, pp. 19–34. 
11. Gellner, E. “Prishestvie natsionalizma. Mify natsii i klassa,” Anderson, B., Bauer, O., Hroch, M. et al. Natsii i natsionalizm. Moscow: Praksis, 2002, pp. 146–200. 
12. Habermas, J. “Evropeiskoe natsional’noe gosudarstvo: ego dostizheniia i predely. O proshlom i budushchem suvereniteta i grazhdanstva,” Anderson, B., Bauer, O., Hroch, M. et al. Natsii i natsionalizm. Moscow: Praksis, 2002, pp. 364–380. 
13. Höffe, O. Kritik der Freiheit. Der Grundproblem der Moderme. München: С.Н. Beck, 2015. Huntington, S. Stolknovenie tsivilizatsii. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo AST, 2017. 
14. Iarkeev, A. V. Etnicheskaia identichnost’ v diskurse sotsial’nogo mifa. Izhevsk: Udmurtskii universitet, 2009. 
15. Kanarsh, G. Iu. “Filosofskie teorii mul’tikul’turalizma,” Znanie. Ponimanie. Umenie, No. 2, 2011, pp. 33–41. 
16. Kukathas, C. “Teoreticheskie osnovy mul’tikul’turalizma,” Polit.ru, May 27, 2007, URL: https://polit.ru/article/2007/05/27/multiculturalism/ 
17. Kymlicka, U. Sovremennaia politicheskaia fi losofi ia: vvedenie. Moscow: Izd. dom Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki, 2010. 
18. Kymlicka, W., and Banting, K. “Immigration, Multiculturalism, and the Welfare State,” Ethics & International Aff airs, Vol. 20, No. 3, 2006, pp. 281–304. 
19. Marcuze, H. “Repressivnaia tolerantnost’,” Marcuze, H. Kriticheskaia teoriia obshchestva: izbrannye raboty po fi losofi i i sotsial’noi kritike. Moscow: AST: Astrel’, 2011, pp. 98–135. 
20. Mart’ianov, V. S. “Spravedlivy li etnonatsional’nye dekonstruktsii sovremennykh natsii?” Nauchnyi ezhegodnik Instituta fi losofi i i prava Ural’skogo otdeleniia Rossiiskoi akademii nauk, No. 6, 2005, pp. 244–257. 
21. Rawls, J. Teoriia spravedlivosti. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo LKI, 2010. 
22. Russkikh, L. V. “Mul’tikul’turalizm: integratsiia ili raskol?” Vestnik Iuzhno- Ural’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriia: Sotsial’no-gumanitarnye nauki, No. 1, 2013, pp. 173–175. 
23. Sandel, M. Chto nel’zia kupit’ za den’gi? Moral’nye ogranicheniia svobodnogo rynka. Moscow: MIF, 2018.  
24. Sandel, M. Spravedlivost’. Kak postupat’ pravil’no? Moscow: MIF, 2013. 
25. Shapiro, I. Moral’nye osnovaniia politiki. Moscow: KDU, 2004. 
26. Shaveko, N. A. “Kategoricheskie pravovye printsipy v epokhu postmoderna: Interv’iu s professorom Otfridom Kheffe,” Kantovskii sbornik, No. 1, 2018, pp. 62–73. 
27. Taylor, C. “Demokraticheskoe iskliuchenie (i ‘lekarstvo’ ot nego?),” Mul’tikul’turalizm i transformatsiia postsovetskikh obshchestv, ed. V. S. Malakhova, and V. A. Tishkova. Moscow: Institut etnologii i antropologii imeni N. N. Miklukho-Maklaia RAN, 2002, pp. 11–37. 
28. Tishkov, V. A. “Uslozhniaiushchee raznoobrazie: kak ego ponimat’ i uporiadochit’,” Kul’turnaia slozhnost’ sovremennykh natsii, ed. V. A. Tishkov, and E. I. Filippova. Moscow: Politicheskaia entsiklopediia, 2016, pp. 7–18. 
29. Walzer, M. “Pluralism: A Political Perspective,” Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups, eds. S. Thernstrom, A. Orlov, and O. Handlin. Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1980, pp. 781–787. 
30. Walzer, M. “The Idea of Civil Society: A Path to Social Reconstruction,” Dissent, Vol. 39, Spring, 1991, pp. 293–304. 
31. Walzer, M. O terpimosti. Moscow: Ideia-Press, Dom intellektual’noi knigi, 2000. 
32. Zaitseva, T. I. “V zashchitu russkogo liberalizma,” Polis. Politicheskie issledovaniia, No. 1, 2006, pp. 175–182.